Development of calculating devices
Ancient and Mechanical Calculators
Tradicionalni kineski abacus
Tradicionalni kineski abacus
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The abacus is the oldest and most long-lasting of all calculating aids, and it was most likely invented in Mesopotamia around 5000 years ago.
Eastern versions of the abacus,the Chinese "suànpán" and the Japanese "soroban", were widely used until the end of the 20th century when they were replaced by digital pocket calculators, while Europeans replaced the abacus with other devices such as logarithmic calculators by the late 17th century.
Eastern versions of the abacus,the Chinese "suànpán" and the Japanese "soroban", were widely used until the end of the 20th century when they were replaced by digital pocket calculators, while Europeans replaced the abacus with other devices such as logarithmic calculators by the late 17th century.
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Tradicionalni kineski abacus
Tradicionalni kineski abacus
Skeniraj kod mobitelom i uperi kameru u sliku da pokreneš AR.
The First Mechanical Calculator
Although he did not experience this recognition during his lifetime, the German Wilhelm Schickard constructed the first mechanical calculator in 1623.
However, the public did not know about it because the only copy of the calculator was consumed by fire shortly before completion.
About a hundred years later, letters were discovered that Schickardsent to fellow scientist Johannes Kepler with blueprints for a functional calculator only in 1960, proving that the era of mechanical calculators began with Wilhelm Schickard.
However, the public did not know about it because the only copy of the calculator was consumed by fire shortly before completion.
About a hundred years later, letters were discovered that Schickardsent to fellow scientist Johannes Kepler with blueprints for a functional calculator only in 1960, proving that the era of mechanical calculators began with Wilhelm Schickard.
Pascaline
Nineteen-year-old Blaise Pascal, later known for Pascal's Law of hydrodynamics, in an effort to facilitate his father's work as a tax collector, designed a mechanical calculator called "Pascaline" in 1642.
He even received a royal privilege in 1649, granting him exclusive rights to sell the calculator in France. However, due to limitations of technology at the time, the "Pascaline" was not entirely accurate in its calculations and he only sold about fifteen of them in three years.
He even received a royal privilege in 1649, granting him exclusive rights to sell the calculator in France. However, due to limitations of technology at the time, the "Pascaline" was not entirely accurate in its calculations and he only sold about fifteen of them in three years.
Calculating wheels
The German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was aphilosopher, mathematician, physicist, and diplomat. In the world ofcalculators, he is remembered for inventing the stepped reckoner in 1673, alsoknown as Leibniz's wheel, and the pinwheel in 1685.
Both inventions significantly improved the functioning of calculating machines, and the principles established by Leibniz remained the foundation for the production of mechanical calculators for centuries.
Both inventions significantly improved the functioning of calculating machines, and the principles established by Leibniz remained the foundation for the production of mechanical calculators for centuries.